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Start With Your Anchor Idea When your mind feels messy, don’t chase every thought. Grab just one. Your anchor idea is the single sentence that captures what you want to say. It’s your home base. If your topic is Courage, your anchor might be: Courage is doing what’s right even when it feels impossible. Everything else examples, stories, points will orbit around this anchor. Use the Lightning Plan Think of organizing your thoughts like snapping together LEGO blocks. First, tell your main idea in one clear sentence. Then give an example, story, or explanation that proves your statement. A personal moment, a historical hero, a fictional character anything that fits. End with a lesson, challenge, or insight that leaves your listener thinking. Let Your Brain Talk in Pictures Your mind doesn’t think in paragraphs, but in images. When you’re given a topic, don’t hunt for sentences. Look for pictures. For example, Teamwork might remind you of a basketball game, a group project, a memory with your family, or ants carrying food together. Pick one picture and build your point around it. Create Emotional Architecture Top performers don’t just share ideas, they build feelings. Ask yourself: What emotion does my topic want? Hope? Strength? Curiosity? Confidence? Then choose words that match the feeling. For Perseverance, choose words like climb, push, rise, steady, grit, climb again. End With a Line They’ll Remember Your final sentence is the anchor that sinks into memory. Examples:And that’s how chaos becomes courage.Big ideas don’t need big words just clear ones.Give your thoughts structure, and your voice becomes unstoppable. If people can quote you after you’re done, you’ve made a memory.

Start With the Core Message Ever wonder why some speeches echo in your mind long after they’re over? The secret is structure and emotion. To write a speech that people remember, you need to start with your core message: one sentence that captures everything you want your audience to take home. Then you build around that message like it’s a heartbeat. Every example, story, joke, or statistic should pulse in rhythm with that central idea. That rhythm: emotion plus repetition is what makes speeches unforgettable. Master the 3S Rule: Story, Structure, Sound To make your message stick, follow the 3S Rule: Story makes people care. Structure makes them follow. Sound makes them remember. Example Think of Martin Luther King Jr.’s “I Have a Dream.” The story was America’s struggle; the structure built toward hope; the sound with those rolling repetitions made it timeless. The audience felt it. You don’t need world history to be memorable. You just need contrast and cadence. Try using lines like “We are not here to complain. We are here to change.” That rhythm turns words into music. Build Emotional Architecture The secret behind lasting speech is emotional architecture. Every listener builds an image in their head and your job is to design it clearly. Use vivid verbs and concrete imagery that awaken emotion: “Apathy is rust on democracy.” Visuals like this one stick because they turn your ideas into sensations. Rehearse the Rhythm Want to sound natural and powerful? Read your speech out loud. Words that look elegant on paper might crumble under your tongue. If a sentence trips you up, your audience will stumble too. The best way is to record yourself and listen for pacing, pauses, and patterns. Great speakers treat rhythm like choreography. Test Your Hook Test your speech on a friend. Ask what line they remember 10 minutes later and that’s your hook. Strengthen it until it gleams. If people can quote you after the applause fades, you’ve done more than write a speech. You’ve built a memory.

We’re excited to introduce Teacher Kimberly, an experienced English educator who has spent the past 15 years helping students build confidence and find their voice in English. She has taught learners of all ages while living in Singapore, Malaysia, and Turkey, and is certified in the state of Illinois to teach K–12 ESL as well as English/Language Arts for Grades 6–12. Kimberly holds a Master’s degree in Applied Linguistics from the University of Massachusetts Boston and a Bachelor’s degree in English from Boise State University. With a background that combines global teaching experience and academic expertise, she brings both skill and warmth to every class. Kimberly teaches public speaking, narrative and argumentative writing, academic and creative writing, A3000, and enrichment courses such as Greek Mythology, Who Was, and TED Talk Junior. What inspired you to become a teacher? I’ve always known I wanted to be a teacher, and it was when I was in college I realized I wanted to become an English teacher. I've always been fascinated by language and the way it shapes how we think and communicate. Teaching felt like a natural path because it allowed me to share that interest while helping students learn how to express themselves. I love introducing students to important texts and to teach them new styles of analyzing, writing, and speaking. How would you describe your teaching style in three words? Passionate, engaging, supportive. Do you have a favorite book, activity, or lesson that your students always enjoy? I especially enjoy lessons that let students use think creatively and connect the lesson to their own experiences. Whether they are writing or preparing speeches, students tend to respond most when they can share their ideas and viewpoints. Those real world activities often lead to the most meaningful moments in class. What’s one piece of advice you would give to students about learning? Be curious and fearless. Mistakes are not something to avoid; they are part of learning. The more you try new things, ask questions, and question the world around you, the more confident, knowledgeable, and capable you become. What do you enjoy doing outside of teaching; any hobbies, interests, or fun facts students might not know about you? I love traveling and exploring different cultures, and I’m always learning pieces of new languages along the way. I also enjoy photography, hiking, and writing. I've lived in 5 foreign countries and traveled to 37 countries. I've enjoyed having the opportunity to teach students from all over the globe and to learn new perspectives from my experiences.

Find Your Anchor, Not Your Script Your heart’s racing. The judge’s pen is moving. The clock is cruel. You’re mid-speech and suddenly blank. Sounding persuasive under pressure is about anchoring yourself in purpose. When tension hits, the main idea you want to share becomes your mental compass. Master Yourself Persuasive speaking is less about volume and more about rhythm. To control your voice when stress tries to steal it, slow down. Emphasize key words with vocal weight and pause. Watch any great debater or political leader under fire. They use space, not speed. Barack Obama, for instance, let pauses land like punctuation marks. Build Connection Before You Build a Case Under pressure, it’s tempting to rely on logic, data, structure, and rebuttals. But persuasion lives in connection, not spreadsheets. Start by naming the shared value behind your argument: fairness, safety, progress, community. Instead of “The data shows this plan works,” say, “We all want safer schools and here’s how this plan makes that real.” It’s still evidence‑based, but now it feels personal. Train Your Voice in Chaos Nerves are predictable, because they show up every time the stakes are high. That’s why strong speakers practice discomfort. Deliver your speech while standing on one foot, walking, or timing yourself against background noise. Learn to breathe through interruptions. If you can stay calm in chaos, a debate timer or tough judge won’t shake you. Test the Echo After your next speech, ask yourself one question: What’s the line the judge will remember most? That’s your persuasion phrase. Next time your pulse spikes, breathe. You don’t need to sound fearless, but real, grounded, and sure of what matters most.

Have you ever noticed how just one small part of a word can unlock the meaning of dozens of others? That’s the magic of word roots, the foundation of so many words in English. Instead of memorizing endless vocabulary lists, students can learn to decode words like detectives, spotting patterns and connections that make reading and writing easier, richer, and much more fun. Why Word Roots Matter Vocabulary growth is one of the strongest predictors of academic success. The more words a child understands, the better they can comprehend what they read and the more clearly they can express themselves in writing. But memorizing definitions in isolation doesn’t stick for long. By learning roots, the base meanings from Latin, Greek, and other languages, students can understand families of words at once. Take the root “bio”, which means life . Once a student knows this, words like biology (the study of life), biography  (a story of someone’s life), and antibiotic (against life, in the sense of bacteria) suddenly make sense. How This Helps Students One of the biggest benefits is improved reading comprehension. When students encounter unfamiliar words in academic texts, they can break them down into recognizable parts and make educated guesses about their meaning. This allows them to move through challenging material with greater ease and confidence. Learning word roots also strengthens writing skills. With a broader vocabulary at their fingertips, students can choose words that more precisely capture their ideas. Their writing becomes clearer, more engaging, and more polished. The benefits don’t stop there. Word roots are especially helpful for standardized test preparation. Exams like the SAT and ACT often include advanced vocabulary built on Latin and Greek roots. A student who understands these patterns has a built-in strategy for decoding tough questions, giving them an advantage over peers who rely only on memorization. Perhaps most importantly, roots foster curiosity and confidence. Instead of feeling defeated by “hard” words, students start to see them as puzzles they can solve. That shift transforms vocabulary from a chore into an exciting challenge, one that empowers them both inside and outside the classroom. Why Parents Love This Approach Parents often notice that after just a few lessons, their children are more confident tackling reading assignments in school. Instead of saying, “I don’t know this word,” they pause, look at its parts, and figure it out. That shift, from memorizing to decoding, turns vocabulary-building into an empowering skill.   Word roots are like secret keys that unlock the English language. Once students understand them, vocabulary stops feeling like an uphill climb and starts feeling like an adventure.

Reading is like building a superpower, one page at a time. Every child begins by sounding out simple words, but with the right support, they can grow into confident, curious readers who not only love books but also thrive in school. The big question is: how do kids actually learn to read, and how can we help them along the way? The Amazing Journey of a Young Reader Children’s reading skills develop in distinct stages, each one building on the last. In the Starter Stage  (Pre-K–1st Grade), children are just beginning to recognize letters, experiment with rhyming words, and memorize sight words that appear often in books. As they move into the Growing Reader stage (around Grades 1–3), they start tackling early chapter books, moving beyond simple words like “cat” and “dog.” Their vocabularies can expand by hundreds of words each year, and they begin to gain confidence. By the time children become Confident Readers  (Grades 3–5), their reading flows more smoothly and comprehension blossoms. At this stage, they make the important shift from “learning to read” to “reading to learn.” Eventually, in middle school and beyond, they grow into Advanced Explorers  who can tackle full-length novels, nonfiction texts, and critical thinking tasks. These stages mark a remarkable journey; from first recognizing letters to engaging deeply with complex ideas. But how can parents and teachers know if a child is making progress? That’s where tools like Lexile Levels, Grade Equivalents (GE), and Percentile Ranks come in. Think of them as a reading “GPS” that helps adults choose books and lessons that stretch but don’t overwhelm. For example, Lexile Levels measure how challenging a text is; Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone  is around 880L. Grade Equivalent scores show how a child’s skills compare to typical grade levels, while Percentiles reveal how a student ranks against peers nationwide. If your child is in the 70th percentile, that means they’re reading better than 70 out of 100 children their age. How to Support Young Readers on their Journey One of the best ways to build strong reading habits is through consistency. Short, daily practice is far more effective than occasional marathon sessions. Just fifteen minutes of reading a day can expose a child to more than a million words over the course of a year, dramatically boosting fluency and vocabulary. Another effective strategy is to make books part of conversations. Asking open-ended questions like, “Why do you think the character made that choice?” or “What do you think will happen next?” pushes children to think more deeply about what they’ve read. Studies published in Reading Research Quarterly  show that these kinds of conversations strengthen comprehension and critical thinking skills. It’s also essential to mix up reading formats. Reading doesn’t always have to mean sitting quietly with a printed book. Kids benefit from hearing stories read aloud, which improves fluency and expression. Audiobooks can also be powerful, exposing children to new vocabulary and helping them follow more complex storylines. Even graphic novels, which are sometimes underestimated, are excellent for engaging reluctant readers and building visual literacy. Research from the American Library Association  shows that using different modes of reading can boost motivation and stamina. Personalization makes a big difference, too. When children get to read about subjects they’re genuinely curious about, whether it’s sports, animals, space exploration, or even video games, their engagement skyrockets. Finally, it’s important to track progress and celebrate growth. Progress isn’t just about test scores. Parents should pay attention to improvements in fluency, comprehension, and, most importantly, confidence. The International Literacy Association  emphasizes that recognizing effort and small achievements helps children develop resilience and a positive attitude toward reading. A child who feels proud of even small steps forward is far more likely to keep building their skills with enthusiasm. The Role of Teachers Parents may provide the foundation, but teachers are the architects who guide literacy development in the classroom. Great teachers don’t just assign reading; they model strategies like predicting, questioning, and summarizing, showing students how strong readers think as they work through a text. They also adapt lessons to meet students where they are, using tools like Lexile Levels and Grade Equivalents to choose appropriate texts while gradually introducing more challenging material. The National Reading Panel highlights that phonics instruction in the early years, paired with comprehension strategies later on, leads to stronger long-term outcomes. Teachers assess students regularly, identify strengths and gaps, and design small-group lessons or interventions to target specific needs. Equally important, teachers nurture a love of reading. They encourage students to choose books they’re excited about, and celebrate progress, no matter how small. When parents and teachers work together, children gain not just the skills to read, but the lifelong love of reading itself.

Public Forum (PF) debate is one of the most exciting formats for students who want to tackle real-world issues. Teams of two go head-to-head on a current topic, switching between speeches, refutations, crossfires, and summary speeches; all in front of a lay judge (someone who might not be an expert). Unlike more technical styles, PF is about being persuasive, clear, and grounded in real-life impacts. Whether you're a beginner or a seasoned competitor, we offer a PF course to sharpen your critical thinking and public speaking skills. Each month brings a new topic, and this month we will be going deeper into: Resolved: The benefits of the use of generative artificial intelligence in education outweigh the harms. With tools like ChatGPT and AI writing assistants entering classrooms, this debate explores whether generative AI is truly helping students or creating bigger problems. If You’re on the Pro Side (Yes, the Benefits Outweigh the Harms) Generative AI enhances education by improving access, personalization, and engagement—making learning more effective and inclusive. AI can tailor lessons and feedback to individual learning styles You can argue that AI tools adjust to each student’s needs. For example, they can explain a math problem step-by-step or help with learning a new language at your pace. Mention tools students already know, like Duolingo, Grammarly, or ChatGPT. That makes your point more relatable. You can say, “Imagine getting help with your homework at midnight when no teacher is around!” AI can help students who lack extra support Not everyone has a tutor or even a quiet place to study. AI can be like a free, always-available helper for kids who need it most. This is a great place to talk about fairness. You could say, “AI can help close the gap between students who have resources and those who don’t.” Teachers benefit too AI can do boring stuff like grading quizzes or writing lesson plans. That means teachers get more time to actually talk to students and support them. Make it clear that AI isn’t replacing teachers, it’s helping them do their job better. That calms fears about robots taking over the classroom. If the Con side pushes back: If they say “AI helps students cheat,” you can respond: “Cheating has always existed. What matters is teaching students how to use AI responsibly—and creating rules around it.” If they say “AI is biased or inaccurate,” try saying: “Humans can be biased too. At least with AI, we can improve it over time.” If You’re on the Con Side (No, the Harms Are Too Big) You’ll argue that AI might sound helpful, but it brings problems we can’t ignore, like cheating, confusion, or widening the gap between schools. AI makes it easier to cheat Instead of writing their own essays, students can just copy and paste from an AI chatbot. That means they’re not learning anything. Ask the judge, “If students stop thinking for themselves, how will they grow?” You can even talk about how teachers already struggle to tell what’s written by a student vs. a machine. AI isn’t always right and it can be biased Sometimes AI gives wrong information, or even reinforces stereotypes. Students might not know what to trust. Try saying, “Would you want to learn from a tool that might make things up or treat different people unfairly?” Not everyone can access good AI tools Some schools have fast Wi-Fi and smart devices. Others don’t. So, while some students get ahead with AI, others fall further behind. This is your chance to flip the fairness argument. Say, “Actually, AI might make things less fair, because not all students have the same tech.” If the Pro side argues back: If they say “AI helps with access,” you can respond: “Only if students have internet and know how to use it. Otherwise, it doesn’t help at all.” If they say “AI is just a tool,” try saying: “Sure, but even a tool can cause harm if we’re not careful. A hammer can build or break.” So… Which Side Wins? This debate isn’t just about technology. It’s about how we learn, how we grow, and what kind of future we want in the classroom. So if you’ve been thinking about joining PF debate, this topic is the perfect place to start. It’s fresh, relevant, and full of real-life connections. And remember: you don’t have to be an expert, you just have to be curious, clear, and ready to speak up.that matter.

(And How to Tackle This Year's Big Economics Question) Are you the kind of student who loves to ask “but why?” Do you find yourself connecting economics to ethics, politics to philosophy or just wondering how we make decisions in the real world? If so, the John Locke Essay Competition might be your perfect intellectual playground. What Is the John Locke Essay Competition? Hosted by the John Locke Institute, this international competition invites students to write thoughtful, argumentative essays on deep, real-world questions in areas like Economics, Politics, Philosophy, History, Psychology, and Theology. Named after the Enlightenment thinker John Locke (who championed reason, liberty, and individual rights), the competition isn’t about giving the “right” answer, it’s about crafting a clear, compelling, and well-reasoned argument that shows original thinking. Thousands of students from around the world apply each year, and winners are invited to Oxford for an awards ceremony. Plus, it's a huge boost for university applications—especially for those dreaming of Oxford, Cambridge, the Ivy League, or any top-tier school. This Year’s Big Question in Economics What kinds of behaviour are engendered by the hope of profit? Is such behaviour better or worse, on balance, than the behaviour we should expect if all enterprises were owned by charities or governments? This is not just a question about money. It’s a question about human nature, incentives, and how society should be organized. Step One: Understand What the Question Is Really Asking There are two key parts here: What does the hope of profit make people (and businesses) do? This is about psychology, incentives, and economic systems. Think of what changes when people chase personal or corporate gain. Would things be better or worse if instead of chasing profit, all organizations were run by charities or governments? Here, you’re being asked to compare two different models of economic organization, and make a value judgment about which creates better outcomes on balance. You don’t have to say one side is always better. You just have to argue clearly for which system tends to produce better results and why. Step Two: Explore the “Hope of Profit” Side Let’s think about what profit does to behavior: Drives innovation.  Entrepreneurs are often motivated to invent new products or services to make money. Think of how Steve Jobs pushed Apple to create iPhones, not out of charity, but from ambition (and yes, profit). Encourages efficiency.  In competitive markets, businesses try to cut waste and offer better prices to survive. Creates inequality.  The same profit motive can lead to exploitation (underpaying workers, harming the environment, etc.) Focuses on short-term gains . Companies may prioritize quick wins over long-term good (e.g. fast fashion, addictive apps). Encourages risk-taking.  Profit is a reward, but also a gamble. That risk fuels entrepreneurship… but also leads to crashes (remember the 2008 financial crisis?). Your job in the essay is to decide: do these behaviors, on balance, create more good or more harm? Step Three: Compare with the “Charities or Governments” Model Now imagine a world where all businesses were run by nonprofits or state institutions. What behaviors might we expect? Less profit-seeking = less inequality?  If there’s no private gain, maybe people wouldn’t hoard wealth or cut corners. More focus on public good.  Education, healthcare, and clean water are often handled better when profit isn’t the goal. But… slower innovation?  Governments or charities may lack urgency or creativity without the pressure of market competition. Bureaucracy and inefficiency. Without profit incentives, there may be less motivation to improve or adapt. Corruption risk.  Power held by governments can lead to its own kind of abuse if unchecked. Step Four: Add Philosophy, History, or a Thought Experiment This is where your essay can stand out. What would Adam Smith say? He believed that the “invisible hand” of profit often leads to public good, but also warned of greed. Marx and socialism? Karl Marx would argue profit leads to exploitation and call for collective ownership. Look at the USSR (state-run economy) vs. the U.S. during the Cold War or compare private space companies like SpaceX to government agencies like NASA and think of how patents in Big Pharma affect medicine prices, or how nonprofits like Wikipedia exist without ads or profit motives. You could also invent a thought experiment like this one: “Imagine a world where every company is a charity. Would we still have iPhones, or would we all still be using flip phones?” Step Five: So… Which Is Better? There’s no perfect answer. You could argue: “Profit-based systems create more innovation and choice, but need regulation to reduce harm.” Or “Enterprises run without profit motives may be more ethical, but risk becoming inefficient or stagnant.” Just make sure your conclusion reflects the complexity of the real world, not a black-and-white answer. Why This Essay (and Competition) Matters This question isn’t just about economics; it’s about how we want the world to work. And when students like you take time to think, write, and speak clearly about these things, you’re building the exact skills that top universities, employers, and global leaders are looking for. So yes, winning a prize would be amazing. But just entering this competition means you’re already joining the conversation and preparing yourself to shape the future. And if you’re looking for support along the way, check out the John Locke Essay Course at Think Talk. It’s built for students who want to sharpen their ideas, elevate their writing, and submit essays that truly stand out. You’ll explore past topics, master the art of argument, and learn how to express complex thinking with clarity and style. Whether you're aiming for the shortlist or just want to grow as a thinker, this course is your launchpad into one of the world’s most exciting academic competitions. Let your voice be heard, because the future is shaped by those brave enough to question it..

(And Why Think Talk Is the Perfect Place to Start) In a world filled with constant communication—texts, emails, essays, presentations—being able to express yourself clearly and creatively is more important than ever. But here’s the thing: writing isn’t just a school skill. It’s a life skill. It’s a confidence-builder. It’s a doorway into imagination, empathy, and self-expression. That’s why the Creative Writing Course at Think Talk is more than just a class; it’s a journey into your child’s voice, ideas, and storytelling power. What Makes This Course Special? Our Creative Writing course invites students to explore three rich and exciting genres: poetry, creative non-fiction, and short fiction. From day one, students dive into the beauty and rhythm of language, reading and analyzing powerful examples before crafting their own original work. For example, in the Poetry Unit, students experiment with form, structure, and theme, writing, revising, and sharing poems that reflect their unique thoughts and emotions. In the Creative Non-Fiction Unit, they learn how to turn real-life experiences into moving, meaningful narratives by blending truth with storytelling techniques. In the Short Story Unit, they explore plot, character, and setting, writing original tales that draw readers into new worlds. What makes the course even more impactful is its collaborative atmosphere. Students receive feedback through peer workshops, revise their drafts, and present their work with pride—learning how to grow as writers while supporting each other’s creative voices. Why Every Kid Benefits Whether your child dreams of becoming an author or just wants to express themselves better, creative writing helps them: Think critically and creatively Build confidence in their voice Develop empathy by stepping into different characters' shoes Communicate clearly and persuasively Find joy in the writing process The course ends with a personal writing portfolio, a beautiful collection of poems, stories, and non-fiction pieces that showcase not just their work, but their growth as young writers. At Think Talk, we believe every child has a story worth telling. Our Creative Writing course gives them the tools and the space to tell it.tive Writing course gives them the tools and the space to tell it.

Have you ever been told you're smart? Or that you're creative? Maybe both?This topic asks a simple but powerful question: What’s more important—creativity or intelligence? It might sound like a fun thought experiment, but this question actually gets to the heart of how we learn, how we work, and how we shape the future. Whether you’re preparing for a speech, a classroom debate, or just like stretching your brain, this is the kind of topic that sparks amazing conversations. Plus, it connects to something very real: what kind of skills you’ll need for the jobs of tomorrow. Wait – What’s the Difference? Let’s make it simple: Intelligence  is about understanding, remembering, and solving problems. It’s your ability to think logically and apply what you’ve learned. Creativity  is about coming up with new ideas, making unexpected connections, and thinking outside the box. You can definitely have both. But this topic is asking: if you had to pick one that has more power, more influence, which would it be? Why This Debate Is Super Relevant (Yes, Even for Jobs!) Here's the deal: the world is changing fast. With AI doing more and more of the “intelligent” stuff, like organizing data or solving equations, creativity is becoming the real superpower. Future careers are looking for people who can solve problems in new ways, come up with fresh ideas, design, build, invent, storytell, and adapt. In short—people who can think creatively. Jobs like product designers, content creators, innovators, startup founders, UX designers, and even scientists all rely on imagination, not just raw intelligence. So this debate isn’t just about school; it’s about who’s going to thrive in the future workplace. Let's Talk Examples (Because History Proves the Point) Here are some real-life people who changed the world. Ask yourself—were they powered more by intelligence or creativity? Albert Einstein: Sure, he was super smart. But he also once said: “Imagination is more important than knowledge.” He visualized wild ideas, like riding on a beam of light. That’s what led to the theory of relativity. Leonardo da Vinci: Artist? Yes. Inventor? Also yes. This guy was sketching helicopters and scuba suits before they were even a thing. That’s what creativity looks like. Steve Jobs: Jobs didn’t invent the computer. But he reimagined what it could be—friendly, pocket-sized, and essential. You’re probably reading this on a device inspired by his vision. Alan Turing: He helped crack Nazi codes in World War II and laid the foundation for computers. His intelligence saved lives, but his creative thinking made machines that didn’t exist before. Use a “Comparative” Structure When building a speech or case around this topic, try using this structure: Define both ideas: What exactly do you mean by creativity and intelligence? Compare them: Where do they overlap? Where are they different? Choose a side: Make it clear which one you think has more impact. Prove it with examples: Use real people, events, or stories. Don’t be afraid to talk about yourself! Maybe your creativity helped you solve a problem that intelligence alone couldn’t. Personal stories are powerful. If You Think Creativity Wins… Here’s how you might argue it: Creativity sparks innovation. Every invention starts with a “what if?” It makes you stand out. In job interviews, school projects, and life. AI can copy knowledge, but not imagination. Machines can be smart. But only people can dream. If You Think Intelligence Wins… Try this angle: Intelligence helps you survive and succeed. From solving math problems to understanding global issues. It makes creativity possible. Without logic or knowledge, wild ideas go nowhere. It’s measurable and teachable. You can track progress and improve. So… Which Side Is Right? There’s no perfect answer, and that’s what makes this such a great topic for debate and public speaking. It gets people thinking—and that’s exactly what a powerful speech should do. So the next time you’re preparing a speech or joining a debate, remember to use examples people know, talk to your audience like they’re your friends, make your message real, connect it to the world they live in and most of all… have fun with it!

Have you ever been in a debate where your opponent’s argument just didn’t feel right, but you couldn’t quite explain why? Maybe they twisted your words, made an extreme claim, or played on emotions instead of logic. That’s because they were using a logical fallacy: a flawed argument that sounds convincing but doesn’t hold up under scrutiny. If you want to level up your debating skills, you need to learn how to spot and dismantle these sneaky tactics. Common Logical Fallacies and How to Respond Strawman Fallacy One of the most frustrating fallacies is the strawman fallacy, where someone misrepresents your argument to make it easier to attack. Imagine you’re debating whether schools should regulate junk food. You argue that healthier options should be promoted, and your opponent responds, “They want to take away all student choices!”  That’s not even close to what you said. If someone tries this on you, call them out: “That’s a misrepresentation. My argument is about offering better choices, not eliminating them.” Ad Hominem Another cheap trick is ad hominem, which is when someone attacks you instead of your argument. Let’s say you’re debating social media restrictions, arguing that platforms should prevent harmful misinformation. Instead of addressing your point, your opponent snaps back, “You don’t even understand free speech.”  That’s not a counterargument, it’s a distraction. Stay focused: “My background isn’t the issue. Let’s talk about whether restricting content actually protects people.” Slippery Slope Fallacy Then there’s the slippery slope fallacy, which assumes that one small step will lead to an extreme, unlikely outcome. Imagine debating AI in classrooms. You argue that AI can help personalize education, and your opponent jumps to, “If we allow AI in schools, teachers will become obsolete, and robots will take over!” That’s a wild exaggeration. Shut it down: “There’s no evidence that AI is replacing teachers—it’s designed to assist, not take over.” False Dilemma Fallacy The false dilemma fallacy, or black-and-white thinking, tries to box you into only two extreme choices. Say you’re debating free healthcare. Your opponent claims, “Either we provide free healthcare and go bankrupt, or we do nothing and let people suffer.”  That’s not how real-world policy works. A strong rebuttal would be: “There are other solutions, like hybrid systems used in other countries, that provide healthcare without financial collapse.” Appeal to Emotion And then there’s appeal to emotion, which manipulates feelings instead of using logic. Picture a debate on animal testing. You argue that it’s necessary for medical advancements, and your opponent responds, “How can you support such cruelty? Imagine a poor, innocent puppy suffering!” While emotions matter, they don’t replace reasoning. A solid response would be : “I understand the ethical concerns, but we need to weigh them against the medical benefits and explore alternative solutions.” Why Avoid Logical Fallacies? Falling for logical fallacies makes your argument weak. Even if they seem persuasive at first, a skilled debater will tear them apart. But if you can spot these tricks in your opponent’s case, you gain the upper hand. Debating isn’t just about confidence: it’s about thinking critically and staying sharp under pressure. The next time an argument sounds off, ask yourself: Is this actually logical? The more you practice, the faster you’ll be at exposing weak reasoning and turning debates in your favor.

When you hear the word ‘debate,’ you might think about arguments, facts, and logic. But strong debaters know that beyond evidence and reasoning, there are fundamental principles that shape their arguments. These principles, like fairness, justice, life, health, and freedom, serve as the backbone of persuasive and impactful debating. Why Are Principles Important? Principles help debaters go beyond just facts and statistics. They give arguments a sense of purpose and urgency. When used correctly, principles make arguments more powerful by connecting them to values that people care about. They help judges and audiences relate to the debate on a deeper level and they make logical reasoning stronger by providing a solid foundation for arguments. Examples of Principles in Popular Debates To understand how principles work, let's look at some real-world debates happening today. Efficiency vs Human Touch One of the most talked-about topics today is whether AI should replace teachers in classrooms. Supporters argue that AI improves education by making learning more personalized and accessible, reinforcing the principle of fairness in education, ensuring that all students, regardless of background, have access to the best possible learning tools. However, opponents stress that human teachers provide emotional support and moral guidance that AI simply cannot, emphasizing the principle of human connection in education. This debate highlights the struggle between the principles of efficiency and the human touch in learning environments. Personal Responsibility vs Public Health Another common debate revolves around banning junk food in schools. Those in favor argue that schools have a responsibility to promote good health among students, and banning junk food aligns with the principle of public health, ensuring that children have access to nutritious food that benefits their well-being. On the other hand, critics claim that such bans limit students’ freedom to make their own choices, appealing to the principle of personal responsibility and individual freedom, the belief that students should learn to make informed decisions rather than have choices made for them. This debate showcases the tension between the principles of personal responsibility and public health measures. Protecting individuals vs Preserving freedom Social media and free speech is yet another hotly debated issue. Some believe that platforms should restrict harmful speech because it can lead to real-world consequences, aligning with the principle of protection from harm. Others argue that free speech is a fundamental right, and imposing restrictions could set a dangerous precedent for censorship, reinforcing the principle of freedom of expression. This debate illustrates the ongoing struggle between the principles of protecting individuals and preserving freedoms in the digital age. How to Use Principles Effectively in Debates To use principles effectively, debaters should first identify the core principle their argument supports. Is it fairness, justice, health, or something else? Once identified, they should clearly connect their argument to this principle and support it with real-world examples and evidence.  By understanding and applying principles in debate, young debaters can improve their reasoning, persuasion, and ability to connect with their audience. Next time you prepare for a debate, think beyond just the facts. Ask yourself, What principle am I defending?